Alaska, West Virginia, and Colorado had the highest growth in alternative-energy vehicles over the past 5 years, roughly tripling their EV and hybrid market share States with the lowest growth in EV and hybrid share include Hawaii, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and California Colorado’s large 15.1 percent jump in EV and hybrid share make it the best state for improved miles per gallon over the past 5 years, rising from 23.6 MPG to 27.2 MPG Overall 5-year EV and hybrid market share growth rate jumped from 33.3 percent in 2022 to 85.3 percent in 2023
The US market share for electric and hybrid vehicles grew 85.3 percent between 2018 and 2023. That’s almost three times the rate it grew between 2017 and 2022, confirming a massive uptick in hybrid and EV sales in just the past year, according to a new study by iSeeCars.com. For individual states, the changes in market share growth over the past 5 years range from a high of 272.1 percent in Alaska to just 43.7 percent in Hawaii.
iSeeCars analyzed over 20 million 1- to 5-year-old used cars on the road in 2018 and 2023 to determine the share of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles in the US.
“Several states you wouldn't associate with hybrid and electric vehicles saw the most growth over the past 5 years, including Alaska, West Virginia, Louisiana, Wyoming, Arkansas, and North Dakota,” said Karl Brauer, iSeeCars.com Executive Analyst. “Then you have Washington, California, and Oregon, three states most people would associate with environmental activism that ranked 45th, 46th, and 49th out of 50 in hybrid and electric vehicle market share growth.”
Despite substantial increases over the past year, half of the top 10 states still have less than 3 percent market share for hybrid and electric vehicles, suggesting there is plenty of room for more growth.
“You look at the market share for states like Louisiana or North Dakota and realize it doesn’t take much growth in alternative fuel vehicle sales to reflect large jumps in overall share,” said Brauer.
| US States With Highest Growth in Electric Vehicle/Hybrid Share - iSeeCars Study | |||||
| Rank (2023) | State | 5 Year % Change in Alternative Fuel Share (2018-2023) | % Share Alternative Fuel 2023 | Rank (2022) | 5 Year % Change in Alternative Fuel Share (2017-2022) |
| 1 | Alaska | 272.1% | 3.8% | 3 | 102.2% |
| 2 | West Virginia | 200.9% | 2.0% | 16 | 46.9% |
| 3 | Colorado | 184.9% | 6.1% | 11 | 60.1% |
| 4 | New Jersey | 169.4% | 3.5% | 5 | 81.6% |
| 5 | Louisiana | 152.9% | 1.5% | 9 | 60.9% |
| 6 | Wyoming | 150.9% | 2.0% | 2 | 131.2% |
| 7 | Arkansas | 148.5% | 2.2% | 4 | 94.4% |
| 8 | North Dakota | 140.8% | 1.9% | 38 | 24.9% |
| 9 | Virginia | 126.1% | 5.3% | 21 | 45.6% |
| 10 | Maryland | 123.8% | 4.9% | 7 | 68.3% |
| National Average | 85.3% | 4.1% | – | 33.3% | |
Hawaii is the lowest-growth state in hybrid and electric vehicle market share, which isn’t too surprising given the state’s high cost for these models and for all vehicles. But seeing Oregon as the second lowest, with Washington and California among the bottom 10, is surprising.
“California, Washington, and Oregon are the top three states in terms of alternative fuel vehicle share,” said Brauer. “But they are also among the lowest in raising hybrid and electric vehicle share over the past 5 years, suggesting there may be a market threshold for alternative fuel vehicle share, above which it gets much more difficult to grow.”
| US States With Least Growth in Electric Vehicle/Hybrid Share - iSeeCars Study | |||||
| Rank (2023) | State | 5 Year % Change in Alternative Fuel Share (2018-2023) | % Share Alternative Fuel 2023 | Rank (2022) | 5 Year % Change in Alternative Fuel Share (2017-2022) |
| 50 | Hawaii | 43.7% | 5.2% | 34 | 30.3% |
| 49 | Oregon | 47.8% | 6.7% | 49 | 2.9% |
| 48 | New Mexico | 53.1% | 3.3% | 42 | 17.3% |
| 47 | Vermont | 53.1% | 3.7% | 23 | 44.3% |
| 46 | California | 63.5% | 10.1% | 32 | 35.0% |
| 45 | Washington | 63.6% | 8.1% | 47 | 13.7% |
| 44 | South Carolina | 64.1% | 2.4% | 50 | 2.3% |
| 43 | Kansas | 65.3% | 3.2% | 43 | 16.9% |
| 42 | Michigan | 67.2% | 2.4% | 31 | 35.7% |
| 41 | Georgia | 70.0% | 3.4% | 48 | 12.0% |
| National Average | 85.3% | 4.1% | – | 33.3% | |
Looking at the 10 states with the highest growth in MPG, six of them have above average market share for hybrid and electric vehicles. These include Colorado, California, Virginia, Nevada, Maryland, and Arizona.
“The goal of alternative fuel vehicles, including hybrids and electric cars, is to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions,” said Brauer. “We can see the impact of these vehicles in states with rising MPG figures over the past 5 years.”
| US States With Most Improvement in Average MPG - iSeeCars Study | |||||
| Rank | State | % Change 2018-2023 | Avg MPG 2018 | Avg MPG 2023 | % Share Alternative Fuel 2023 |
| 1 | Colorado | 15.1% | 23.6 | 27.2 | 6.1% |
| 2 | California | 12.7% | 27.6 | 31.1 | 10.1% |
| 3 | Oklahoma | 11.7% | 22.8 | 25.5 | 2.4% |
| 4 | Alaska | 10.9% | 21.8 | 24.2 | 3.8% |
| 5 | Virginia | 10.6% | 24.5 | 27.1 | 5.3% |
| 6 | Nevada | 9.5% | 25.1 | 27.5 | 5.7% |
| 7 | Texas | 9.2% | 23.6 | 25.7 | 3.3% |
| 8 | Wyoming | 8.9% | 20.7 | 22.5 | 2.0% |
| 9 | Maryland | 8.8% | 24.9 | 27.1 | 4.9% |
| 10 | Arizona | 8.6% | 25.1 | 27.2 | 5.2% |
| National Average | 7.9% | 24.4 | 26.3 | 4.1% | |
In contrast to states leading in MPG growth, nine of the 10 states with the lowest growth in MPG figures are also below the national average in hybrid and electric vehicle market share.
| US States With Least Improvement in Average MPG - iSeeCars Study | |||||
| Rank | State | % Change 2018-2023 | Avg MPG 2018 | Avg MPG 2023 | % Share Alternative Fuel 2023 |
| 50 | Hawaii | 4.3% | 27.2 | 28.4 | 5.2% |
| 49 | Wisconsin | 4.6% | 23.3 | 24.4 | 2.9% |
| 48 | Rhode Island | 4.8% | 24.6 | 25.8 | 3.0% |
| 47 | South Carolina | 5.0% | 23.8 | 25.0 | 2.4% |
| 46 | Kansas | 5.2% | 23.6 | 24.8 | 3.2% |
| 45 | Pennsylvania | 5.2% | 24.3 | 25.6 | 3.0% |
| 44 | Connecticut | 5.3% | 24.7 | 26.0 | 3.3% |
| 43 | Michigan | 5.4% | 22.9 | 24.2 | 2.4% |
| 42 | New Hampshire | 5.4% | 24.1 | 25.4 | 2.9% |
| 41 | Alabama | 5.5% | 23.7 | 25.0 | 2.3% |
| National Average | 7.9% | 24.4 | 26.3 | 4.1% | |
Only Hawaii is above the national average market share for alternative fuel vehicles in this group. And Hawaii’s state average of 28.4 MPG is the second highest in the country, reflecting the relatively high share of alternative fuel vehicles in the 50th state.
“But Hawaii is also ranked 50th in EV and hybrid market share growth, suggesting its residents’ desire for these vehicles has stalled,” said Brauer. “This pattern is similar to what we’re seeing in other states, again suggesting increased resistance to alternative fuel vehicles once a certain threshold is reached. Growing market share for these alternative fuel models from zero to 5 or 6 percent appears to be much easier than growing their share from 6 to 12 percent. This is concerning given the current administration’s goal of getting EVs and plug-in hybrids to 67 percent of new car market share in the next 10 years.”
The top-ranked US metro area for 5-year growth in alternative fuel vehicles is Lake Charles, LA, with a 329.3 percent increase. Growth in all of the top five metro areas increased by at least three times the national average (85.3 percent). Four of these were in states that also had the highest growth rate – with Duluth, MN-Superior, WI metro area the one exception.
The lowest 5-year growth was in Rapid City, SD. It stands out as the lone metro area that had a smaller alternative fuel vehicle share, with a 4.5 percent decrease from 2018 to 2023.
| US Metro Areas’ Growth in Electric Vehicle/Hybrid Share – iSeeCars Study | |||
| Rank | Metro Area | 5 Year % Change in Alternative Fuel Share (2018-2023) | % Share Alternative Fuel 2023 |
| 1 | Lake Charles, LA | 329.3% | 1.5% |
| 2 | Duluth, MN-Superior, WI | 287.0% | 1.8% |
| 3 | Lafayette, LA | 282.9% | 1.4% |
| 4 | Anchorage, AK | 279.0% | 4.1% |
| 5 | Clarksburg-Weston, WV | 268.2% | 2.0% |
| 6 | Grand Junction-Montrose, CO | 242.9% | 3.3% |
| 7 | Victoria, TX | 231.2% | 2.2% |
| 8 | Bluefield-Beckley-Oak Hill, WV | 221.5% | 1.7% |
| 9 | Idaho Falls-Pocatello, ID | 212.3% | 3.3% |
| 10 | Santa Barbara-San Luis Obispo, CA | 211.6% | 12.9% |
| 11 | Rochester-Austin, MN-Mason City, IA | 210.5% | 3.4% |
| 12 | Biloxi-Gulfport, MS | 206.7% | 2.5% |
| 13 | Syracuse, NY | 202.9% | 2.1% |
| 14 | Denver, CO | 185.0% | 6.6% |
| 15 | Hattiesburg-Laurel, MS | 183.5% | 1.7% |
| 16 | Richmond-Petersburg, VA | 177.1% | 4.8% |
| 17 | Colorado Springs-Pueblo, CO | 175.4% | 4.6% |
| 18 | New Orleans, LA | 174.3% | 1.9% |
| 19 | Pittsburgh, PA | 168.9% | 3.0% |
| 20 | Johnstown-Altoona, PA | 167.2% | 2.3% |
| 21 | Charleston-Huntington, WV | 163.1% | 1.7% |
| 22 | Reno, NV | 157.9% | 5.4% |
| 23 | Jackson, TN | 156.2% | 1.6% |
| 24 | Ft Smith-Springdale, AR | 155.9% | 2.4% |
| 25 | Fargo-Valley City, ND | 150.0% | 2.0% |
| 26 | Lafayette, IN | 148.2% | 4.8% |
| 27 | Butte-Bozeman, MT | 148.0% | 3.3% |
| 28 | Bangor, ME | 147.5% | 2.0% |
| 29 | Minot-Bismarck-Dickinson, ND | 145.0% | 1.4% |
| 30 | Baltimore, MD | 141.1% | 4.6% |
| 31 | Sioux Falls(Mitchell), SD | 139.3% | 1.8% |
| 32 | Bowling Green, KY | 135.9% | 2.5% |
| 33 | Odessa-Midland, TX | 134.2% | 1.3% |
| 34 | Davenport,IA-Rock Island-Moline,IL | 132.5% | 2.9% |
| 35 | Mankato, MN | 131.8% | 2.5% |
| 36 | New York, NY | 131.0% | 3.1% |
| 37 | Yakima-Pasco-Richland-Kennewick, WA | 130.7% | 3.8% |
| 38 | Paducah, KY-Harrisburg, IL | 127.8% | 2.1% |
| 39 | Rockford, IL | 127.4% | 2.8% |
| 40 | Wilmington, NC | 125.7% | 3.1% |
| 41 | Buffalo, NY | 125.2% | 2.2% |
| 42 | Cedar Rapids-Waterloo-Iowa City, IA | 125.0% | 3.2% |
| 43 | Lubbock, TX | 123.1% | 1.8% |
| 44 | Harrisonburg, VA | 123.0% | 4.3% |
| 45 | Philadelphia, PA | 123.0% | 3.7% |
| 46 | Lexington, KY | 122.8% | 2.6% |
| 47 | Boston, MA-Manchester, NH | 122.7% | 4.0% |
| 48 | Memphis, TN | 122.3% | 2.5% |
| 49 | St. Louis, MO | 121.2% | 2.5% |
| 50 | Charlotte, NC | 121.1% | 3.7% |
| 51 | Little Rock-Pine Bluff, AR | 119.7% | 1.9% |
| 52 | Montgomery (Selma), AL | 119.6% | 1.8% |
| 53 | Traverse City-Cadillac, MI | 118.9% | 1.5% |
| 54 | Evansville, IN | 118.7% | 2.4% |
| 55 | Dallas-Ft. Worth, TX | 118.1% | 3.9% |
| 56 | Utica, NY | 117.0% | 2.1% |
| 57 | El Paso, TX | 116.7% | 2.0% |
| 58 | Grand Rapids-Kalamazoo, MI | 115.8% | 3.2% |
| 59 | Louisville, KY | 115.2% | 3.3% |
| 60 | South Bend-Elkhart, IN | 114.6% | 3.0% |
| 61 | Springfield, MO | 114.6% | 2.9% |
| 62 | Lima, OH | 114.1% | 2.5% |
| 63 | Harrisburg-Lancaster-York, PA | 113.9% | 3.6% |
| 64 | Rochester, NY | 112.1% | 2.8% |
| 65 | West Palm Beach-Ft. Pierce, FL | 111.9% | 4.5% |
| 66 | Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX | 111.8% | 1.1% |
| 67 | Twin Falls, ID | 111.3% | 2.9% |
| 68 | Missoula, MT | 110.6% | 3.2% |
| 69 | Providence, RI-New Bedford, MA | 110.1% | 2.8% |
| 70 | Las Vegas, NV | 110.1% | 5.9% |
| 71 | Lincoln & Hastings-Kearney, NE | 109.8% | 3.2% |
| 72 | Boise, ID | 108.2% | 4.9% |
| 73 | Bend, OR | 108.1% | 5.1% |
| 74 | Chicago, IL | 108.0% | 4.8% |
| 75 | Terre Haute, IN | 108.0% | 2.3% |
| 76 | Washington, DC (Hagerstown, MD) | 107.5% | 6.1% |
| 77 | Erie, PA | 106.1% | 1.8% |
| 78 | Harlingen-Weslaco-McAllen, TX | 106.1% | 1.6% |
| 79 | Baton Rouge, LA | 105.7% | 1.6% |
| 80 | Binghamton, NY | 105.2% | 2.5% |
| 81 | Charlottesville, VA | 104.4% | 5.8% |
| 82 | Houston, TX | 104.2% | 3.4% |
| 83 | Tri-Cities, TN-VA | 103.9% | 2.1% |
| 84 | Medford-Klamath Falls, OR | 103.6% | 4.6% |
| 85 | Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | 103.3% | 2.8% |
| 86 | Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL | 102.7% | 3.2% |
| 87 | Quincy, IL-Hannibal, MO-Keokuk, IA | 102.5% | 2.3% |
| 88 | Watertown, NY | 102.1% | 1.7% |
| 89 | Tulsa, OK | 100.9% | 2.3% |
| 90 | Omaha, NE | 100.1% | 2.9% |
| 91 | Oklahoma City, OK | 100.0% | 2.6% |
| 92 | Roanoke-Lynchburg, VA | 99.9% | 2.1% |
| 93 | Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN | 99.8% | 4.2% |
| 94 | Hartford & New Haven, CT | 99.5% | 3.3% |
| 95 | Green Bay-Appleton, WI | 98.9% | 2.1% |
| 96 | Birmingham, AL | 98.5% | 2.7% |
| 97 | Portland-Auburn, ME | 97.2% | 3.5% |
| 98 | Indianapolis, IN | 94.8% | 3.5% |
| 99 | Wilkes Barre-Scranton, PA | 93.6% | 2.1% |
| 100 | Knoxville, TN | 93.4% | 2.6% |
| 101 | Salisbury, MD | 93.0% | 2.5% |
| 102 | Salt Lake City, UT | 92.1% | 5.2% |
| 103 | Youngstown, OH | 89.9% | 1.3% |
| 104 | Cincinnati, OH | 89.7% | 3.5% |
| 105 | Waco-Temple-Bryan, TX | 89.0% | 2.1% |
| 106 | Nashville, TN | 88.6% | 3.5% |
| 107 | Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News,VA | 88.1% | 3.2% |
| 108 | Wichita-Hutchinson, KS | 86.6% | 2.7% |
| 109 | Greensboro-Winston Salem, NC | 85.8% | 3.1% |
| 110 | Billings, MT | 85.6% | 1.9% |
| National Average | 85.3% | 4.1% | |
| 111 | San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA | 84.5% | 15.2% |
| 112 | Toledo, OH | 84.1% | 2.3% |
| 113 | Madison, WI | 84.1% | 4.3% |
| 114 | Orlando-Daytona Beach, FL | 83.8% | 3.7% |
| 115 | Joplin, MO-Pittsburg, KS | 83.2% | 2.2% |
| 116 | Phoenix, AZ | 83.1% | 5.3% |
| 117 | Columbus, OH | 82.9% | 3.3% |
| 118 | Chattanooga, TN | 82.4% | 2.5% |
| 119 | Monterey-Salinas, CA | 81.5% | 8.7% |
| 120 | Shreveport, LA | 81.5% | 1.2% |
| 121 | San Antonio, TX | 79.8% | 2.9% |
| 122 | Yuma, AZ-El Centro, CA | 79.7% | 2.9% |
| 123 | Tallahassee, FL-Thomasville, GA | 79.5% | 2.6% |
| 124 | Peoria-Bloomington, IL | 78.6% | 3.6% |
| 125 | Abilene-Sweetwater, TX | 78.4% | 1.4% |
| 126 | Columbus-Tupelo-West Point, MS | 77.3% | 1.6% |
| 127 | Corpus Christi, TX | 76.7% | 1.4% |
| 128 | Amarillo, TX | 75.8% | 1.9% |
| 129 | Kansas City, MO | 75.7% | 3.8% |
| 130 | Spokane, WA | 75.5% | 3.6% |
| 131 | Jackson, MS | 74.6% | 1.5% |
| 132 | Florence-Myrtle Beach, SC | 73.4% | 1.8% |
| 133 | Tampa-St Petersburg (Sarasota), FL | 72.6% | 3.7% |
| 134 | Champaign & Springfield-Decatur,IL | 72.5% | 2.8% |
| 135 | Raleigh-Durham (Fayetteville), NC | 72.4% | 4.1% |
| 136 | Cleveland-Akron (Canton), OH | 71.6% | 2.5% |
| 137 | Ft. Myers-Naples, FL | 70.9% | 3.3% |
| 138 | Topeka, KS | 70.8% | 2.5% |
| 139 | Charleston, SC | 70.7% | 2.7% |
| 140 | Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto, CA | 70.3% | 8.6% |
| 141 | Jacksonville, FL | 69.9% | 2.8% |
| 142 | Dayton, OH | 69.9% | 2.7% |
| 143 | Palm Springs, CA | 69.8% | 7.4% |
| 144 | Greenville-New Bern-Washington, NC | 69.6% | 2.1% |
| 145 | Austin, TX | 69.6% | 4.6% |
| 146 | Wausau-Rhinelander, WI | 69.1% | 2.0% |
| 147 | La Crosse-Eau Claire, WI | 68.7% | 2.7% |
| 148 | Springfield-Holyoke, MA | 68.5% | 3.3% |
| 149 | Seattle-Tacoma, WA | 67.9% | 9.8% |
| 150 | Atlanta, GA | 67.7% | 3.8% |
| 151 | Albany, GA | 67.4% | 1.3% |
| 152 | Sherman, TX-Ada, OK | 65.3% | 1.6% |
| 153 | Savannah, GA | 64.1% | 2.2% |
| 154 | Dothan, AL | 63.4% | 1.7% |
| 155 | Fresno-Visalia, CA | 63.3% | 5.1% |
| 156 | Detroit, MI | 62.7% | 2.7% |
| 157 | Huntsville-Decatur (Florence), AL | 61.1% | 2.3% |
| 158 | Augusta, GA | 60.9% | 2.0% |
| 159 | Tucson (Sierra Vista), AZ | 60.2% | 4.3% |
| 160 | Milwaukee, WI | 57.5% | 3.1% |
| 161 | Greenville-Spartanburg, SC | 56.2% | 2.7% |
| 162 | Portland, OR | 56.2% | 7.4% |
| 163 | San Diego, CA | 55.9% | 9.8% |
| 164 | Panama City, FL | 55.0% | 2.4% |
| 165 | Columbus, GA | 54.3% | 2.3% |
| 166 | Des Moines-Ames, IA | 54.2% | 2.4% |
| 167 | Los Angeles, CA | 54.2% | 9.6% |
| 168 | Macon, GA | 52.6% | 2.0% |
| 169 | Chico-Redding, CA | 51.4% | 5.7% |
| 170 | Columbia-Jefferson City, MO | 50.8% | 3.6% |
| 171 | Bakersfield, CA | 49.3% | 5.6% |
| 172 | Albuquerque-Santa Fe, NM | 47.6% | 3.3% |
| 173 | Honolulu, HI | 46.6% | 5.3% |
| 174 | Ft. Wayne, IN | 46.1% | 2.8% |
| 175 | Columbia, SC | 44.2% | 2.2% |
| 176 | Flint-Saginaw-Bay City, MI | 43.4% | 1.2% |
| 177 | Mobile, AL-Pensacola, FL | 43.2% | 2.2% |
| 178 | Gainesville, FL | 40.3% | 3.0% |
| 179 | Tyler-Longview(Nacogdoches), TX | 40.3% | 1.4% |
| 180 | Eugene, OR | 36.6% | 6.5% |
| 181 | Wichita Falls, TX & Lawton, OK | 35.3% | 1.7% |
| 182 | Burlington, VT-Plattsburgh, NY | 33.0% | 3.4% |
| 183 | Elmira, NY | 32.7% | 1.3% |
| 184 | Lansing, MI | 22.5% | 2.0% |
| 185 | Sioux City, IA | 8.5% | 1.1% |
| 186 | Eureka, CA | 1.2% | 7.8% |
| 187 | Rapid City, SD | -4.2% | 1.5% |
iSeeCars analyzed over 20 million 1- to 5-year-old used cars on the road from June 2017 to May 2018 and June 2022 to May 2023. The share of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles was calculated in each period for each U.S. state. The percentage change in share of alternative fuel vehicles from 2018 to 2023 was then used to rank states. The average MPG in each state was also calculated and compared across each period, both including and excluding alternative fuel vehicles.
iSeeCars.com is a data-driven car search and research company that helps shoppers find the best car deals by providing key insights and valuable resources, including the iSeeCars VIN Check report and Best Cars Rankings. iSeeCars has saved users over $406 million so far by applying big data analytics powered by over 25 billion (and growing) data points and using proprietary algorithms to objectively analyze, score and rank millions of new cars and used cars.
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